• 科研项目
• 学术成果

Title：Three Approaches to Combating Torture in China

Publisher：Intersentia Publishing Ltd.
Editors：Chen Weidong and Taru Spronken

CONTENTS

PREFACE
BIOGRAPHIES
ABBREVIATIONS

A THREE-WAY APPROACH TO THE FIGHT AGAINST TORTURE. PROCEDURAL SANCTIONS, PREVENTION IN PLACES OF DETENTION, AND IMPROVEMENT OF POLICE INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES CHEN WEIDONG, CHENG LEI and TARU SPRONKEN

1. The Research Perspective
2. The Importance of China-EU Cooperation in Torture Research
3. Latest Developments in China’s Judicial Reform and Legislation
4. How to Read the Book

PART I: THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE IN CHINA AND EUROPE

1. THE PREMISE OF OUR DISCUSSION: COMPARING GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS IN CHINA AND THE EU
    CHAI YUFENG and TARU SPRONKEN

    1. Introduction
    2. Comparison of the Basic Elements of the Criminal Justice Systems in China and Europe
    2.1. The Status of Courts: Independence of Judges
    2.2. The Status of Case Law: The Case Precedents System and Case Guidance System
    2.3. Procedural Rights of Criminal Suspects and Defendants in Relation to the Collection of Evidence
    2.3.1. Right to Silence
    2.3.2. Right to Legal Aid and Right to Confidential Communication with Lawyers
    2.3.3. Right to be Informed
    2.3.4. The Right of Criminal Suspects and Defendants to Investigate and Participate in the Proceedings
    3. Concluding Remarks
    Bibliography

2. A SUMMARY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE IN EUROPE
    TARU SPRONKEN and CHAI YUFENG

    1. Introduction
    2. The Exclusionary Rule in the Netherlands
    2.1. Characteristics of the Dutch Criminal Justice System
    2.2. The Dutch Exclusionary Rule
    2.3. Legal Provisions Related to the Exclusion of Illegally Obtained Evidence
    2.4. Excluding Statements of a Suspect
    2.5. Case Law on the Exclusionary Rule
    2.6. Fruits of the Poisonous Tree
    2.7. Summary
    3. Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights on the Exclusionary Rule Relating to Illegally Obtained Evidence
    3.1. Definition of Torture and Inhuman Treatment
    3.2. The Obligation to Investigate and the Burden of Proof
    3.3. Exclusion of Evidence Obtained in Breach of Article 3 ECHR – The Gäfgen Case
    3.4. The Exclusion of Evidence Obtained in Violation of Article 6 of the ECHR
    4. Conclusion
    Bibliography

3. A SUMMARY OF THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE OF ILLEGALLY OBTAINED EVIDENCE  IN CHINA
    CHEN WEIDONG and CHAI YUFENG

    1. Legal Sources for the Exclusionary Rule in China
    1.1. Sources of International Law
    1.2. Sources of Domestic Law
    1.3. Fundamental Civil Rights Protected by the Constitution
    1.4. Evolution of the Law and Relevant Judicial Interpretations
    1.5. The Two Evidence Rules (Two Rules)
    1.5.1. Basic Content and Significance
    1.5.2. Textual Flaws and Deficiencies in the Two Rules
    2. Judicial Practice of the Exclusionary Rule in China
    2.1. Cases in which the Exclusion of Illegally Obtained Evidence Failed
    2.2. Cases in which the Illegally Obtained Evidence was Excluded
    3. The New Exclusionary Rule Introduced by the 2012 Revisions to the Criminal Procedure Law
    3.1. The Direction of Reform of the Exclusionary Rule Identified by the Revised CPL
    3.2. Changes to the Substantive Rules of the Exclusionary Rule in the Revised CPL
    3.3. The Procedural Rules to Exclude Evidence in the Revised CPL
    3.4. Supervision by the People’s Procuratorates over the Use of IllegalMeans to Obtain Evidence
    4. Conclusion
    Bibliography

4. AN ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUES CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA’S EXCLUSIONARY RULE
     CHEN WEIDONG and CHAI YUFENG

    1. Judicial Traditions and Barriers to Exclusion
    1.1. The Defendant, the Victim, or Close Relatives, and the Exclusionary Rule
    1.2. The Public and the Exclusionary Rule
    2. Procedure Structure and Barriers to Exclusion
    2.1. Relations between the People’s Courts, the Public Security Authorities,and the People’s Procuratorates
    2.2. The Relationship between the People’s Procuratorates and the Public Security Authorities
    3. Enforcement Practice and Barriers to Exclusion
    Bibliography

5. IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE IN CHIN
    CHEN WEIDONG and CHAI YUFENG
    1. Perfecting Support Systems for the Exclusionary Rule
    1.1. Criminal Verdict Reasoning System
    1.2. Case Guidance System
    2. Effectively Combating the Extortion of Confessions by Torture and the Use of Other Illegal Means to Obtain Evidence
    2.1. Audio/videotaping of the Entire Interrogation Process
    2.2. The Presence of Lawyers during Interrogations

6. CONCLUSION
    CHEN WEIDONG, TARU SPRONKEN and CHAI YUFENG

PART II: DETENTION CENTRE REGULATIONS

1. MOVING TOWARDS MODERN DETENTION CENTRE REGULATIONS GERARD DE JONGE

    1. Why Detention Centre Regulations are Important
    1.1. How a Sad Incident can Trigger Innovations – The ‘Hide and Seek’Case
    1.2. Suspects are ‘Legal Citizens’ and Should be Treated as such
    1.3. The Function of Detention Centres and the Treatment of Detainees
    1.4. Legal Guarantees for Fair Treatment and Protection against Ill Treatment
    2. UN Detention Standards
    2.1. Detention Standards as Part of, or Based on UN Treaties
    2.1.1. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
    2.1.2. The International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
    2.1.3. The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and Punishment (CAT)
    2.1.4. Detention Regulations Based on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
    2.2. Detention Standards in UN Non-treaty Documents
    2.2.1. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (SMR) and Some Connected Documents
    2.2.2. The Istanbul Protocol
    3. European Detention Standards
    3.1. Detention Standards as Part of or Derived from European Treaties
    3.1.1. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)
    3.1.2. European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1987)
    3.1.3. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
    3.2. Detention Standards in European Non-treaty Documents
    3.2.1. Council of Europe Recommendations
    4. Detention Law and Practice in the European Union
    4.1. No Common EU Detention Law as yet
    5. The Relevance of UN and European Detention Standards for the Chinese Penitentiary System – Legal Culture and the Problem of Transferability
    6. Empirical Research in China and Study Visits to Europe
    6.1. The Pilot on Inspection of Detention Centres by Lay Visitors in Liaoyuan
    6.1.1. Background and Objectives
    6.1.2. Research Method
    6.1.3. Outcome
    6.2. The Pilot of the Wuhu Prisoners’ Complaints Mechanism
    6.3. Study Visits made by Chinese Academics and Professionals to Europe 142
    6.4. The Outcome: A Draft Text to be Disseminated
    Bibliography

2. EXPERT PROPOSAL FOR A DRAFT DETENTION CENTRE LAW
    CHENG LEI

1. Introductory Note
2. The Text of the Proposed Draft Dentention Centre Law
3. SOME PERSONAL NOTES ON THE DRAFT DETENTION CENTRE LAW
GERARD DE JONGE

1. A Great Step Forward
2. The Wish List of a European Outsider
PART III: ENHANCING POLICE INTERVIEWING SKILLS SKILLS FOR INTERROGATING CRIMINAL SUSPECTS
MIET VANDERHALLEN and CHENG LEI

    1. Introduction
    2. Shifting The Focus from Confession to Search for Truth
    2.1. Legal Consequences
    2.2. Investigative Interviewing Models
    2.2.1. Premises
    2.2.2. Component 1: Preparation
    2.2.3. Component 2: Interview
    2.2.3.1. Steps
    2.2.3.2. Skills
    2.2.4. Component
    3: Evaluation
    3. Interview Training
    4. Skills Training in China
    4.1. Participants
    4.2. Programme
    4.2.1. Content
    4.2.2. Didactics
    4.3. Training Materials
    4.4. Training Evaluation
    5. Conclusion
    Bibliography